Table 4 Seasonal occurrence, management practices and characteristics of pepper spike shedding and stem wilting on pepper farms in Morogoro district, Tanzania
From: Extent of spike shedding and stem wilting of pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in Morogoro District, Tanzania
Variable | Criteria for difference | Frequency (percentage) 1 of respondents n = 216 |
|---|---|---|
Season of the year with high severity | Dry (June–October) | 201 (93.1)a |
Rainy (February–May) | 76 (35.2) | |
Pepper growth stages more prone | Vegetative | 85 (39.4) |
Flowering | 119 (55.1) | |
Fruiting | 127 (78.8) | |
Fruit maturity | 95 (44.0) | |
Support materials with affected pepper plants | Jatropha | 114 (52.8) |
Kapok | 107 (49.5) | |
Jackfruit | 96 (44.5) | |
Mango | 51 (23.6) | |
Others | 48 (22.2) | |
Features observed on pepper plants | Leaf yellowing | 155 (71.8) |
Drying of leaves and defoliation | 56 (25.9) | |
Insect pests | 46 (21.3) | |
Practices applied as measures to alleviate the disorders | Uproot and replant | 11 (5.1) |
Cut-off affected stems | 4 (1.9) | |
Applied Botanicals | 2 (0.9) | |
None | 199 (92.1) |