From: Temperature control of shoot growth and floral initiation in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)
Cultivar | Temperature (°C) | Spurs | Extension shoots | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Generative buds (%) | Mean floral development stage (1–7)a | Generative buds (%) | Mean floral development stage (1–7) | ||
‘Summerred’ | 12 °C cont. | 35.0 bb | 2.3 c | 0.0 d | 1.0 d |
15 °C cont. | 100 a | 6.6 b | 37.4 c | 2.0 c | |
18 °C cont. | 100 a | 7.0 a | 63.5 a | 4.4 a | |
21 °C cont. | 100 a | 7.0 a | 67.2 a | 4.7 a | |
Ambient | 100 a | 6.8 ab | 64.6 b | 3.5 b | |
12⟶18 °C | 94.4 A | 6.0 B | 51.1 B | 2.6 D | |
15⟶21 °C | 92.3 A | 6.8 A | 66.9 A | 5.0 A | |
18⟶12 °C | 100 A | 7.0 A | 66.1 A | 4.2 C | |
21⟶15 °C | 100 A | 7.0 A | 66.5 A | 4.6 B | |
‘Discovery’ | 12 °C cont. | 0.0 d | 1.1 e | 1.5 e | 1.1 e |
15 °C cont. | 100 a | 6.8 b | 36.4 c | 3.9 a | |
18 °C cont. | 94.4 b | 6.4 c | 62.8 a | 3.6 b | |
21 °C cont. | 100 a | 7.0 a | 45.3 b | 2.7 c | |
Ambient | 75.0 c | 2.7 d | 28.2 d | 1.7 d | |
12⟶18 °C | 64.3 B | 2.7 D | 49.3 C | 1.8 B | |
15⟶21 °C | 100 A | 3.7 C | 53.4 A | 2.2 B | |
18⟶12 °C | 100 A | 6.7 A | 51.4 B | 3.1 A | |
21⟶15 °C | 85.7 AB | 6.1 B | 51.8 B | 3.3 A | |
Probability level of significance by ANOVA | |||||
Source of variation | |||||
Cultivar (A) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
Temperature (B) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
A × B | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |