From: Temperature control of shoot growth and floral initiation in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)
Cultivar | Temperature (°C) | Spurs | Extension shoots | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Generative buds (%) | Mean floral development stage (1–7)a | Generative buds (%) | Mean floral development stage (1–7) | ||
‘Summerred’ | 12 °C cont. | 3.7 eb | 1.1 d | 0.0 d | 1.0 b |
18 °C cont. | 97.6 a | 6.5 a | 41.1 a | 5.0 a | |
24° C cont. | 73.6 b | 4.8 b | 39.6 a | 4.5 a | |
27 °C cont. | 21.0 d | 1.6 cd | 18.5 b | 1.8 b | |
Ambient | 48.0 c | 2.3 c | 4.8 c | 1.3 b | |
12⟶24 °C | 49.8 B | 2.4 B | 27.6 C | 2.9 B | |
18⟶27 °C | 31.3 C | 1.9 B | 15.0 D | 3.0 B | |
24⟶12 °C | 64.6 A | 4.6 A | 50.8 B | 4.0 A | |
27⟶18 °C | 66.4 A | 4.6 A | 62.2 A | 3.7 A | |
‘Discovery’ | 12° C cont. | 3.7 c | 1.1 c | 0.0 c | 1.0 c |
18 °C cont. | 100 a | 5.6 a | 26.5 b | 2.6 a | |
24 °C cont. | 82.7 b | 4.4 b | 33.1 a | 1.7 b | |
27 °C cont. | 2.3 c | 1.1 c | 0.0 c | 1.0 c | |
Ambient | 0.0 d | 1.0 c | 0.0 c | 1.0 c | |
12⟶24 °C | 0.0 C | 1.0 C | 0.0 B | 1.0 B | |
18⟶27 °C | 0.0 C | 1.0 C | 0.0 B | 1.1 B | |
24⟶12 °C | 56.6 B | 3.7 B | 22.7 A | 2.0 A | |
27⟶18 °C | 86.9 A | 4.9 A | 23.8 A | 2.1 A | |
Probability level of significance by ANOVA | |||||
Source of variation | |||||
Cultivar (A) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | |
Temperature (B) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
A × B | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |