From: Temperature control of shoot growth and floral initiation in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)
Cultivar | Temperature (°C) | Flowering nodes (%) | Vegetative nodes (%) | Non-breaking nodes (%) | Nodes per tree | Flower clusters per tree | Flowers per tree | Flowers per cluster | Days to anthesis from Apr. 27a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
‘Summerred’ | 12 °C cont. | 9.0 cb | 82.2 a | 8.8 b | 158.0 b | 14.3 d | 41.0 c | 2.9 bc | 33.0 a |
18 °C cont. | 67.2 a | 19.1 c | 13.7 ab | 165.0 b | 111.0 b | 455.0 a | 4.1 a | 27.0 bc | |
24 °C cont. | 41.4 b | 30.1 c | 28.6 ab | 395.7 a | 164.0 a | 491.3 a | 3.0 bc | 26.7 c | |
27 °C cont. | 14.1 c | 53.1 b | 32.8 a | 401.3 a | 54.7 c | 142.3 b | 2.7 c | 28.3 bc | |
Ambient | 15.4 c | 68.1 ab | 16.5 ab | 196.5 b | 30.5 c | 113.0 b | 3.7 ab | 29.5 b | |
12⟶24 °C | 29.6 A | 50.4 A | 20.0 A | 232.0 A | 69.5 B | 211.5 B | 3.0 A | 27.0 A | |
18⟶27 °C | 30.7 A | 45.5 AB | 23.8 A | 243.0 A | 76.0 B | 281.5 B | 4.0 A | 28.0 A | |
24⟶12 °C | 30.8 A | 48.7 A | 20.5 A | 187.5 A | 58.5 B | 230.5 B | 4.0 A | 26.5 A | |
27⟶18 °C | 41.6 A | 29.8 B | 28.7 A | 312.5 A | 130.0 A | 469.5 A | 3.6 A | 27.0 A | |
Mean | 29.7 | 48.5 | 21.8 | 263.7 | 78.6 | 264.1 | 3.4 | 28.3 | |
‘Discovery’ | 12 °C cont. | 0.5 bc | 65.6 ab | 33.9 c | 215.5 a | 1.0 c | 3.0 c | 1.5 c | 65.0 b |
18 °C cont. | 37.4 a | 27.7 bc | 34.9 bc | 265.3 a | 89.0 a | 331.7 a | 3.7 a | 28.0 a | |
24 °C cont. | 22.2 a | 22.9 c | 54.9 ab | 326.0 a | 74.0 a | 200.5 a | 2.8 b | 26.5 a | |
27 °C cont. | 6.5 ab | 27.1 c | 66.5 a | 397.0 a | 26.0 b | 74.5 b | 2.9 b | 30.5 a | |
Ambient | 3.6 b | 68.3 a | 28.1 c | 241.5 a | 8.5 c | 20.0 c | 2.3 bc | 37.0 a | |
12⟶24 °C | 0.0 C | 63.3 A | 36.7 B | 187.5 B | 0.0 C | 0.0 C | 0.0 B | > 100 A | |
18⟶27 °C | 4.6 B | 45.2 A | 50.3 A | 337.5 A | 14.5 B | 23.5 B | 0.8 AB | 66.0 B | |
24⟶12 °C | 11.3 AB | 48.0 A | 40.6 A | 341.5 A | 38.5 AB | 122.5 AB | 3.2 A | 30.5 B | |
27⟶18 °C | 19.1 A | 28.8 B | 52.1 A | 399.0 A | 65.5 A | 283.5 A | 4.5 A | 29.5 B | |
Mean | 13.0 | 43.2 | 43.7 | 299.3 | 38.1 | 128.9 | 2.5 | 39.1 | |
Probability level of significance by ANOVA | |||||||||
Source of variation | |||||||||
Cultivar (A) | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | 0.05 | 0.001 | |
Temperature (B) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.01 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.02 | 0.04 | |
A × B | 0.003 | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns |