Skip to main content

Table 1 Historic and current status, all countries that have reported ASF

From: Current status of African swine fever

Country ASF known presence Species confirmeda Current status Relevant references
African region  
Sub-region: Eastern, Central and Southern Africa  
Present
Angola 1932 to present Domestic pigs Endemic (Gago da Câmara 1932)
Botswana 1979 to present Warthogs; rarely pigs Endemic in warthogs (Simpson and Drager 1979)
Burundi Isolates 1984, 1990 Domestic pigs Endemic (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Lubisi et al. 2005; Phologane et al. 2005)
Cameroon 1982 to present Domestic pigs Endemic (Ekue and Wilkinson 1990; Nana-Nukechap and Gibbs 1985)
Central African Republic 2010 to present Domestic pigs Endemic (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
Chad 2010 to present Domestic pigs Endemic (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Bidjeh et al. 2015)
Congo (Brazzaville) Before 1975 to present Domestic pigs, warthogsb Endemic (Plowright et al. 1994; Badaev et al. 1992)
Congo (DRC) 1939 to present Domestic pigs Endemic (Bisimwa et al. 2019; Saliki et al. 1985)
Ethiopia 2011–2014 Domestic pigs Unknown (Achenbach et al. 2017)
Kenya 1914 to present Warthogs, pigs Endemic (Montgomery 1921; Abworo et al. 2017; Thomas et al. 2016)
Madagascar 1998 to present Domestic pigs Endemic (Rousset et al. 2001; Roger et al. 2000)
Malawi 1932 to present Domestic pigs, warthogs Endemic (Turnbull 1931, 1932, 1934; Haresnape et al. 1988)
Mozambique 1954 Warthogs, pigs Endemic (Quembo et al. 2016; de Abreu et al. 1962; Penrith et al. 2007)
Namibia 1920s Warthogs, pigs Endemic in warthogs (Plowright et al. 1994)
South Africa 1926 to present Warthogs, pigs Endemic in warthogs (Steyn 1928; De Kock et al. 1940)
Rwanda 482 outbreak reports Domestic pigs Endemic (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Bisimwa et al. 2019)
Tanzania 1914 to present Warthogs, pigs Endemic (Montgomery 1921; Chang’a et al. 2019; Katale et al. 2012)
Uganda 1983 to present Warthogs, pigs Endemic (Plowright et al. 1994; Atuhaire et al. 2013)
Zambia 1912 to present Warthogs, pigs Endemic (Wilkinson et al. 1988)
Zimbabwe 1970s to present Warthogs, pigs Endemic in warthogs (Plowright et al. 1994)
Historic
Mauritius 2007–2008 Domestic pigs Free (SD 2012) (Lubisi et al. 2009)
São Tomé e Principe 1979–1980; 1992 Domestic pigs Free (Sánchez-Botija 1982; Wesley and Tuthill 1984)
West Africa
Benin 1997 to present Domestic pigs Endemic (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Brown et al. 2018)
Burkina Faso 2002 to present Domestic pigs Endemic (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Brown et al. 2018)
Cape Verde ca 1959 to present Domestic pigs Uncertain (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Brown et al. 2018)
Côte d’Ivoire 1996, 2014, 2018,2019 Domestic pigs Free with sporadic incursions (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Brown et al. 2018; Couacy-Hymann et al. 2019)
Gambia (The) 1997, 2000 Domestic pigs Uncertain (no reports) (Brown et al. 2018)
Ghana 1999; 2002 to present Domestic pigs Endemic (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Brown et al. 2018)
Guinea Bissau ca. 1959 to present Domestic pigs Endemic (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Brown et al. 2018)
Liberia 2011 (AU-IBAR) Domestic pigs Unknown (Panafrican Animal Health Yearbook 2011)
Mali 2016 Domestic pigs Free (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
Nigeria 1973; 1997 to present Domestic pigs Endemic (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Brown et al. 2018)
Senegal 1959 to present Domestic pigs Endemic (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Etter et al. 2011)
Sierra Leone 2019 Domestic pigs Uncertain (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Wadoum et al. 2020)
Togo 1997 to present Domestic pigs Endemic (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Brown et al. 2018)
Caribbean and South America-historic
Brazil 1978–1981 Domestic pigs Free (Moura et al. 1978)
Cuba 1971; 1981 Domestic pigs Free (Negrin 1980)
Dominican Republic 1978–1980 Domestic pigs Free (Rivera 1983)
Haiti 1978–1984 Domestic pigs Free (Alexander 1992)
Europe and Transcaucasus
Present/recent
Armenia 2007–2014 Domestic pigs, wild boars Last outbreak in pigs confirmed in 2014 (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
Azerbaijan 2008 Domestic pigs Free (SD 2011) (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
Belarus 2013 Domestic pigs Uncertain (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
Belgium 2018–2019 Wild boars Not yet officially eradicated (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Linden et al. 2018)
Bulgaria 2018–2020 Domestic pigs, wild boars Not yet eradicated (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Zani et al. 2019)
Czech Republic 2017–2018 Wild boars Free (SD 2019) (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Marcon et al. 2020)
Estonia 2014 to present Wild boars, domestic pigs Free in domestic and captive wild pigs (SD 2018); declining in wild boars (Nurmoja et al. 2018; Schulz et al. 2019; Nurmoja et al. 2017)
Georgia 2007, 2010, 2011 Domestic pigs Uncertain (Vepkhvadze et al. 2017)
Greece 2019 Domestic pigs Uncertain (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
Hungary 2018–2020 Wild boars Uncertain (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
Italy (Sardinia) 1978 to present Domestic pigs, wild boars Endemic (Laddomada et al. 2019; Mur et al. 2016; Contini et al. 1983)
Latvia 2014 to present Wild boars, domestic pigs Possibly declining in wild boars; last pig outbreak in mid-2019 (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Olsevskis et al. 2014)
Lithuania 2014 to present Wild boars, domestic pigs Endemic in wild boars (Mačiulskis et al. 2020)
Moldova 2016 to present Domestic pigs, wild boars Infected (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
Poland 2014 to present Wild boars, domestic pigs Endemic in wild boars (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Cwynar et al. 2019; Pejsak et al. 2014; Pejsak et al. 2018)
Romania 2017 to present Domestic pigs, wild boars Infected (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Cwynar et al. 2019)
Russia 2007 to present Domestic pigs, wild boars Endemic (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Gogin et al. 2013)
Serbia 2019 to present Domestic pigs, wild boars Infected (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
Slovakia 2019 to present Domestic pigs, wild boars Infected (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
Ukraine 2012 to present Domestic pigs, wild boars Endemic (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
Historic
Belgium 1985 Domestic pigs Free (SD 2008) (Biront et al. 1987)
France 1964, 1967, 1977 Domestic pigs Free (SD 2008) (Costard et al. 2009)
Italy 1967, 1980 Domestic pigs Free (SD 2008) (Costard et al. 2009)
Malta 1978–1979 Domestic pigs Free (Wilkinson et al. 1980)
Netherlands (The) 1986 Domestic pigs Free (SD 2008) (Cwynar et al. 2019; Terpstra and Wensvoort 1986)
Portugal 1957; 1960–1993; 1999 Domestic pigs, wild boars Free (SD 2008) (Vigário et al. 1983; Boinas et al. 2004; Madeira et al. 2015)
Portugal (Madeira) 1965, 1974, 1976 Domestic pigs Free (Plowright et al. 1994)
Russia 1977c Domestic pigs Eradicated (Korennoy et al. 2017)
Spain 1960–1994 Domestic pigs, wild boars Free (SD 2008) (Sánchez-Vizcaíno et al. 2015; Sánchez-Botija 1982; Ordás et al. 1983)
Asia
Cambodia 2019 to present Domestic pigs Infected (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
China (People’s Republic) 2018 to present Domestic pigs, wild boars Infected (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Zhou et al. 2018; Li et al. 2019; Li and Tian 2018)
China (Hong Kong) 2019 Domestic pigs Uncertaind (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
India 2020 Domestic pigs Infected (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
Indonesia 2019 Domestic pigs Infected (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
Iran 2008–2009 Wild boars Free (Rahimi et al. 2010)
Korea (North) 2019 Domestic pigs Infected (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
Korea (South 2019 Wild boars, domestic pigs Infected (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Kim et al. 2020a; Jo and Gortázar 2020)
Lao 2019 Domestic pigs Infected (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
Mongolia 2019, eradicated Domestic pigs Free (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Heilmann et al. 2020)
Myanmar 2019 to present Domestic pigs Infected (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
Philippines 2019 to present Domestic pigs Infected (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
Timor Leste 2019 Domestic pigs Infected (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020; Smith et al. 2019)
Vietnam 2019 Domestic pigs Infected (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
Oceania
Papua New Guinea 2020 Domestic pigs Infected (Disease information–Immediate notifications 2005–2020)
  1. https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Animal_Health_in_the_World/docs/pdf/Self-declarations/ENG_archive_2000_Feb_2020.pdf
  2. SD self-declaration to OIE
  3. aNote that African wild suids other than warthogs are not included, as there is relatively little information and a role in the epidemiology of ASF has not been demonstrated although, like warthogs, they are impervious to the pathogenic effects of ASF. They have no association with Ornithodoros ticks due to their habits and habitat, but a limited role for bushpigs may be possible
  4. bWarthogs are now considered to be extinct in Congo People’s Republic
  5. cThe outbreaks occurred in Odessa, now part of Ukraine
  6. dThe outbreaks involved infected pig carcasses from mainland China for processing; there have been no outbreaks in pigs produced in Hong Kong
Back to article page

CABI Agriculture and Bioscience

ISSN: 2662-4044