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Fig. 5 | CABI Agriculture and Bioscience

Fig. 5

From: Infection biology as the basis of integrated control of apple canker (Neonectria ditissima) in Northern Europe

Fig. 5

Nursery tree infections by Neonectria ditissima becoming visible after explanting of infected trees into the production orchard. a Trunk canker on cultivar ‘Nicoter’/Kanzi™ in August 2011, only 4 months after explanting of a nursery tree in Northern Germany. b Trunk canker on ‘Santana’ at the end of its second growing season in a Norwegian orchard. c Development of canker at the graft union of cultivar ‘Discovery’ with rootstock M9, photographed in November 2014 at the end of the first growing season in an orchard in Western Norway. Perithecia have already formed, and adventitious shoots have been emitted by the rootstock. d Sudden emergence of canker enclosing the entire trunk near the graft union of cultivar ‘Topaz’ on rootstock M9 about three years after explanting. A strip of the bark has been removed to reveal the infection front. e Canker with perithecia on rootstock B9 a year after planting in Norway

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