Table 1 Treatment characteristics in artificial diet-based bioassay against neonates of Diabrotica v. virgifera under standardised semi-sterile laboratory conditions
Treatment | Formulation | Dose/ml (a.i.) | Dose/cm2 (a.i.) | Dose/20 µl/0.34 cm2 well/larva (a.i.) | Experiment number (# plates; # wells) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test agent | |||||
Azadirachtin 0.15% (Neem Azaal 0.15G)a | Granule | 0.067 mg (0.1 µg) | 0.0038 mg (0.006 µg) | 0.0013 mg (0.002 µg) | 3 (6; 48) |
0.67 mg (1 µg) | 0.038 mg (0.06 µg) | 0.013 mg (0.02 µg) | 3 (6; 48) | ||
6.7 mg (10 µg) | 0.38 mg (0.6 µg) | 0.13 mg (0.2 µg) | 3 (6; 48) | ||
66.7 mg (100 µg) | 38 mg (6 µg) | 1.33 mg (2 µg) | 3 (6; 48) | ||
Azadirachtin 1% (NeemAzal-T/S 10EC) | Fluid | 0.01 µl (0.1 µg) | 0.0006 µl (0.006 µg) | 0.0002 µl (0.002 µg) | 3 (6; 48) |
0.1 µl (1 µg) | 0.006 µl (0.06 µg) | 0.002 µl (0.02 µg) | 3 (6; 48) | ||
1 µl (10 µg) | 0.06 µl (0.6 µg) | 0.02 µl (0.2 µg) | 1 (3; 24), 2 (6; 48), 3 (6; 48) | ||
3 µl (30 µg) | 0.18 µl (1.8 µg) | 0.06 µl (0.6 µg) | 1 (3; 24) | ||
5 µl (50 µg) | 0.3 µl (3 µg) | 0.1 µl (1 µg) | 1 (3; 24) | ||
10 µl (100 µg) | 0.6 µl (6 µg) | 0.2 µl (2 µg) | 1 (3; 24), 2 (6; 48), 3 (6; 48) | ||
100 µl (1000 µg) | 6 µl (60 µg) | 2 µl (20 µg) | 1 (3; 24), 2 (6; 48) | ||
500 µl (5000 µg) | 30 µl (300 µg) | 10 µl (100 µg) | 2 (6; 48) | ||
1000 µl (10,000 µg) | 60 µl (600 µg) | 20 µl (200 µg) | 2 (6; 48) | ||
Positive controls | |||||
Imidacloprid 20% (Confidor 200 SL) | Fluid | 0.01 µl (2 µg) | 0.0006 µl (0.12 µg) | 0.0002 µl (0.04 µg) | 1 (3; 24), 2 (6; 48), 3 (6; 48) |
Cypermethrin 0.8% (Belem 0.8 MG) | Micro granule | 12.5 mg (100 µg) | 0.73 mg (5.9 µg) | 0.25 mg (2 µg) | 3 (6; 48) |
Tefluthrin 1.5% (Force 1.5G) | Fine granule | 6.7 mg (100 µg) | 0.38 mg (5.9 µg) | 0.13 mg (2 µg) | 3 (6; 48) |
Negative controls | |||||
Untreated-infested | – | – | – | – | 1 (3; 24), 2 (6; 48), 3 (6; 48) |
Untreated un-infested | – | – | – | – | 1 (3; 24), 2 (6; 48), 3 (6; 48) |