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Fig. 4 | CABI Agriculture and Bioscience

Fig. 4

From: Appraisal of cowpea cropping systems and farmers’ perceptions of production constraints and preferences in the dry savannah areas of Nigeria

Fig. 4

Farmers’ perception of cowpea production constraints using pair-wise comparison ranking in focus group discussions in the Kano State, Nigeria in 2017. The X-axis represents perceived production constraints identified by farmers whereas the Y-axis is the ranking of the constraints by farmers A Albasu local government area (LGA) B Bunkure LGA C Tsanyawa LGA, and D Minjibir LGA, all in Kano State. Abortion = flower abortion, Adulteration = adulterated chemicals, Aphids = infestation of field by aphid insects, Drought = incidence of drought occurrence, Diseases = occurrence of plant diseases in the field, Fertilizers = poor access to phosphate fertilizer in local market, Fluctuation = fluctuation in market prices of harvested grains, HCC = high cost of chemicals, Insects = infestation by different insect pests, PSB = damage of cowpea plants by pod sucking bugs, PSF = limited availability of safe and affordable grain storage facilities, Maruca = high incidence and damage by Maruca pod borer, Striga = prevalence of Striga gesnerioides, Viability = poor viability of seeds used for planting, Thrips = infestation of cowpea fields by thrips, Seeds = limited access to improved seeds of varieties, Seed. Q = poor seed quality used at planting, Shattering = shattering of pods of some varieties at harvest, and Soil = poor soil fertility

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