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Table 1 System functions, outcomes and contribution to outputs

From: An assessment of the capacity and responsiveness of a national system to address the threat of invasive species: a systems approach

System function

Outcome in a functioning system

Contribution to overarching outputs

Risk analysis

System for evaluation of potential pests and invasive species

Comprehensive and timely analysis of potential invasive species carried out and reported to relevant authorities

Prevention

Surveillance

Monitoring and reporting procedures and system

Rapid knowledge and identification of existing invasive and pest outbreaks; new invasive and pest species; and high-risk species reported to relevant authorities

Detection/early detection and rapid response

Quarantine

Procedures, disposal and housing facilities to contain and isolate organisms from the outside environment

Few or no incursions of identified high-risk invasive species

Prevention and detection

Emergency response

Knowledge, information and procedures necessary for rapid response to invasive species/pest outbreaks

Spread of pest/invasive species restricted through quick implementation of: eradication measures, control of movement of people, vehicles, equipment, planting material; containment measures; restricted access

Eradication and containment

Diagnostic services

Diagnostic knowledge, facilities and procedures, including referral systems

Timely and accurate identification of unknown pests and invasive species reported to relevant authorities

Cross cutting

Research and technology development

Research knowledge and facilities

Development of relevant management practices and technologies for invasive species when required, that are feasible and affordable for farmers and other land users to implement

Cross cutting

Information management

Extension and information materials, databases, species lists etc.

Timely creation and management of invasive species information for system stakeholders to increase knowledge and support decision making

Cross cutting

Advisory services

Agricultural extension, mass media, pest alerts, other dissemination mechanisms

Delivery of advice on invasive species, including pests, to land users, covering alerts and management options. Advice should be accessible to all who need the information, when they need it, in suitable formats

Cross cutting

Input supply

Supply of seeds, fertiliser, pesticides, monitoring equipment, biopesticides, biological control products etc.

Inputs for land and farm management available when needed, at an affordable price, and meeting quality and safety standards

Control and management (short and longer term)

Policy and regulation

Laws, policies and regulation relating to plant protection, movement of animals and plants, quarantine, surveillance, risk analysis, input registration and certification etc.

Laws, policies and regulations enacted, implemented and enforced, providing guidance and a framework for the invasive species system

Cross cutting