Fig. 1

Nine pathogen burden–performance trajectory archetypes caused by disease resistance-tolerance interactions (derived from Doeschl-Wilson et al. 2012a). The trajectories can be first classified into the eventual clearance of the infection (A), long-term persistent infection (B), and death (C) outcomes in terms of the increased infection severity associated with the decreased disease resistance levels. Within each of these three categories, the trajectories can be further classified according to the long-term impact of infection on host performance correspond to different disease tolerance levels. Thus, for A and B categories, the host may experience little or no impact on performance (a, b, d, e) or suffer a reduction in performance (c, f). However, for the C category, the death of the host in response to infection can be caused by uncontrolled pathogen replication and damage (g), cumulative damage while limiting the pathogen growth (h), and cumulative damage with recurrent episodes of disease outbreaks (i). The arrows indicate the direction of trajectories over time. The squares indicate the end-point of animals, either slaughtered for the product or death