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Table 4 Trait associations reported in Eragrostis literature

From: Value of teff (Eragrostis tef) genetic resources to support breeding for conventional and smallholder farming: a review

Genetic materials

Trait

Associated variables

Association

References

163 RILs

Grain yield

DH, DM, PH, PL, SB, CL, NCI, LFCL, SCL, FCD, SCD, PW, LI

Positive

Tefera et al. (2003)

60 genotypes

Grain yield

DH, DM, CD, PL, NPB, FPS, SPP

Positive

Assefa et al. (2002)

10 improved varieties

Grain yield

BY, SPP, PY

Positive

Teklu and Tefera (2005)

10 improved varieties

Grain yield

KPS

Negative

Teklu and Tefera (2005)

15 landraces

Grain yield

HGW, PH, PL/SB, NIC, HI

Positive

Tadele et al. (2013)

36 brown-seeded genotypes

Grain yield

DH, GFP, DM, PL, SB, HI

Positive

Jifar et al. (2015)

6 teff genotypes

Grain yield

Excised leaf water loss

Negative

Teferra et al. (2000)

24 semi-dwarf teff lines

Grain yield

DM, PH, CL, PL, PDL, SCL, SCD

Positive

Jifar et al. (2017)

196 RILs

Plant height

DH, PL, SB

Positive

Chanyalew et al. (2009)

15 landraces

Plant height

SB, HSW, HI

Positive

Tadele et al. (2013)

320 teff genotypes

Plant height

LI, PR, BS

Positive

Muluken et al. (2020)

320 teff genotypes

Tiller number

LI, BS

Negative

(Muluken et al. 2020)

24 semi-dwarf teff lines

Fertile tiller

DH, DM

Negative

Jifar et al. (2017)

24 semi-dwarf teff lines

Fertile tiller

PH, CL, PL, PDL, SCD

Positive

Jifar et al. (2017)

36 brown-seeded genotypes

Culm length

DH, DM, GFP, PL, GY

Negative

Jifar et al. (2015)

3850 landraces

Panicle length

Precipitation, DH, DM

Positive

Woldeyohannes et al. (2020)

163 RILs

Peduncle length

CL, PL, PH, FCL, SCL, CDF, CDS

Positive

Tefera et al. (2003)

24 semi-dwarf teff lines

Lodging index

DH, DM, CL, PDL

Positive

Jifar et al. (2017)

24 semi-dwarf teff lines

Spikelet per panicle

PH, CL, PL, PDL, SCL, SCD

Positive

Jifar et al. (2017)

24 semi-dwarf teff lines

Spikelet per panicle

DH

Negative

Jifar et al. (2017)

24 semi-dwarf teff lines

Thousand kernel weight

SCD

Positive

Jifar et al. (2017)

24 semi-dwarf teff lines

Thousand kernel weight

DH, DM

Negative

Jifar et al. (2017)

3850 landraces

Grain filling period

Temperature

Negative

Woldeyohannes et al. (2020)

60 genotypes

Harvest index

DM, GFP, SPP, GYPP

Negative

Assefa et al. (2002)

3850 landraces

Altitude

Temperature

Negative

Woldeyohannes et al. (2020)

3850 landraces

Soil pH

Altitude, precipitation

Negative

Woldeyohannes et al. (2020)

3850 landraces

Brown seed

Altitude, soil acidity

Positive

Woldeyohannes et al. (2020)

3 species of Eragrostis

Leaf tensile strength

Drought tolerance

Positive

Balsamo et al. (2006)

6 teff genotypes

Drought susceptibility index

ELWL, RGR

Positive

Teferra et al. (2000)

45 cultivars

Root depth

SW, RW, PH, CD, CT, RT, RSR, RLD, TN

Positive

Ayele et al. (2001)

45 cultivars

Root length density

SW, RW, RN, RSR, TN

Positive

Ayele et al. (2001)

45 cultivars

Root length density

Longer duration of teff survival

Positive

Ayele et al. (2001)

16 genotypes

Osmotic adjustment

LTR, RGR

Positive

Degu et al. (2008)

16 genotypes

Maximum root length

LTR, RGR

Positive

Degu et al. (2008)

12 cultivars

Canopy temperatures

ELWL

Negative

Takele (2001)

12 cultivars

Canopy temperatures

Grain yield

Negative

Takele (2001)

12 cultivars

ELWL

Grain yields under moisture deficits

Negative

Takele (2001)

1 improved variety

Grain amino acids content

Soil properties (P, Mg, Na)

Positive

Abewa et al. (2019)

1 improved variety

Grain crude fiber

Soil pH,  Ca

Positive

Abewa et al. (2019)

1 improved variety

Grain color index of saturation

Soil properties (pH, C, Ca, Mg, and S)

Positive

Abewa et al. (2019)

36 improved varieties

Grain yield

NDF, ADF, ADL, SBM, STY

Positive

Jifar et al. (2018)

36 improved varieties

Grain yield

CP, ME, IVOMD

Negative

Jifar et al. (2018)

36 improved varieties

Crude protein

ME, IVOMD

Positive

Jifar et al. (2018)

  1. RILs: Recombinant inbred lines; DH: Days to heading; DM: Days to maturity; GFP: Grain filling period; SB: Above ground biomass; PW: Panicle weight; PL: Panicle length; FT: Fertile tillers per plant; SPP: Number of spikelet per panicle; FPS: Number of floret per spikelet; KPS: Kernels per spikelet; PH: Plant height; CL: Culm length; NCI: Number of culm internodes; CD: Culm diameter; SCD: Second basal culm internode diameter; LI: Lodging index; HSW: Hundred seed weight; GY: Grain yield; HI: Harvest index; ELWL: Excised leaf water loss; RGR: Relative growth rate; SW: Shoot weight; RW: Root weight; CT: Culm thickness; RT: Root thickness; RSR: Root shoot ratio; RLD: Root length density; TN: Tiller number; LTP: Leaf turgor pressure; RGR: Relative growth rate; P: Phosphorus; Na: Sodium; S: Sulfur; Ca: Calcium; Mg: Manganese; C: Soil organic carbon; CP: Crude protein; NDF: Neutral detergent fiber; ADF: Acid detergent fiber; ADL: Acid detergent lignin; ME: Metabolic energy; IVOMD: In vitro organic matter digestibility; STY: Straw yield; PR: Pushing resistance; BS: Base failure moment