Fig. 1From: Nitrogen bound to manure fiber is increased by applications of simple phenolic acidsManure ADF-N (%) for cows fed oat-hay mixed ration for Experiment 1. Bars show LSMEANS (n = 5), and error bars indicate the standard error calculated by the model. Abbreviations indicate sodium benzoate (B0), sodium 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (B1), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (B2), 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid monohydrate (B3, gallic acid), ammonium benzoate (AB), and ammonium chloride (AC). At each concentration, significant differences between treatments are denoted by letters. Within each treatment, significant differences between concentrations are denoted by number. Significant differences from the H2O treatment (Dunnett’s P ≤ 0.05) are denoted with an asteriskBack to article page