Table 1 Categorization of Biostimulants on the basis of material used as per the passage of time along with examples and used by various researchers
From: Sustainable production through biostimulants under fruit orchards
Researchers | Proposed Categories of Biostimulants | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Filatov (1951) | Carboxylic fatty acids (oxalic acid and succinic acid) | Carboxylic fatty hydroxy acids (malic and tartaric acids) | Unsaturated fatty acids, aromatic and phenolic acids (cinnamic and hydroxycinnamic acids, coumarin) | Phenolic aromatic acids containing several benzene rings linked via carbon atoms (humic acids) | Â | ||
Ikrina and Kolbin (2004) | Humate and humus containing substances | Microorganisms (bacteria, fungi) | Plant materials (land, freshwater and marine) | Sea shellfish, animals, bees | Vegetable oils Natural minerals | Water (activated, degassed,Thermal, Resins) | Â |
Kauffman et al. (2007) | Humic substances | Amino acid containing products | (Seaweed extracts) | Â | |||
Du Jardin (2012) | Beneficial chemical elements | Chitin and chitosan derivatives | Complex organic materials | Free amino acids and other N-containing substance | Humic substances | Inorganic salts (such as phosphite) | Seaweed extracts |
Calvo et al. (2014) | Fulvic acids | Humic acids | Microbial inoculants | Protein hydrolysates and amino acids | Seaweed extracts | Â | |
Gu et al. (2014) | Humic substances | Microbial inoculants | Seaweeds extracts | Organic material blends | Â | ||
Halpern et al. (2015) | Humic substances | Plant-growth-promoting microorganisms | Protein hydrolysate and amino acid | Seaweed extract | Â | ||
Du Jardin (2015) | Beneficial fungi& Beneficial bacteria | Chitosan and other biopolymers | Fulvic acids | Humic acids | Inorganic compound | Protein hydrolysates and other N-containing compounds | Seaweed extracts and botanicals |
La Torre et al. (2016) | Humic substances | Microorganism | Hydrolyzed proteins and amino acids | Seaweed extracts | Inorganic salts |  | |
Rouphael and Colla (2018) | Organic Non-microbial Plant Biostimulants | Microbial Plant Biostimulants | Â | ||||
Albrecht (2019) | Beneficial bacteria, and beneficial fungi | Chitosans | Fulvic acids | Humic acid | Inorganic compounds such as | Protein hydrolysates | Silicon seaweed extracts |
Rouphael and Colla (2020) | Microbial | Non-microbial | Â | ||||