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Table 2 Description of independent variables hypothesized for analysis

From: From staple food to market-oriented crop: commercialization level of smallholder teff (Eragrostis teff) growers in Jamma District, Ethiopia

Variables

Descriptions

Sign

Sex of household head

1 if the household head is male and 0 otherwise

 + 

Age of household head

Measured in number of years

 −

Household size

Measured in terms of adult equivalent

 −

Improved teff seed

1if household used improved teff seed, 0 otherwise

 + 

Land allocated for teff

Hectares of land allotted to teff

 + 

Literacy status

1 if household head is literate and 0 otherwise

 + 

Total livestock owned

Measured in TLU (Tropical Livestock Unit)

 ± 

Participation in off/non-farm

1 If household participate in off/non-farm 0 otherwise

 ± 

Credit use

1 if the household used credit 0 otherwise

 + 

Frequency of extension contact

Measured numbers of days per year

 + 

Chemical fertilizer application

1 If a household applied chemical fertilizer 0 otherwise

 + 

Row sowing of teff

1 if the household sow teff in row 0 otherwise

 + 

Access to price related market information

1 if household has access to market price information 0 otherwise

 + 

Distance from market center

Measured in kilometer

 −