Table 1 Effect of cropping systems and nutrient sources on energy input, output, and net energy considering the rice equivalent yield in direct-seeded basmati rice-based cropping system

29.7

31.7

30.7^d

265.9^b

273.2^b

269.6^b

236.2^b

241.5^b

238.9^b

9.17^a

8.78^a

8.97^a

35.1

36.3

35.7^c

296.0^a

314.2^a

305.1^a

261.0^a

278.1^a

269.6^a

8.57^b

8.78^a

8.67^a

37.0

38.2

37.5^b

170.1^c

183.9^c

177.0^c

133.2^c

145.7^c

139.5^c

4.63^c

4.85^b

4.74^b

47.6

50.4

48.9^a

159.0^dc

170.3^d

164.7^d

111.5^d

119.9^d

115.7^d

3.35^d

3.40^c

3.37^c

24.8

26.6

25.7^d

162.6^b

175.9^b

169.3^b

137.8^d

149.3^c

143.6^c

7.03^a

7.03^a

7.03^a

44.9

46.7

45.8^a

240.7^a

253.6^a

247.2^a

195.8^cb

206.9^b

201.4^b

5.67^cb

5.74^c

5.70^c

40.8

42.6

41.7^b

240.7^a

254.2^a

247.5^a

199.9^b

211.6^ab

205.8^b

6.25^b

6.31^b

6.28^b

38.8

40.6

39.6^c

247.2^a

258.2^a

252.7^a

208.4^a

217.6^a

213.0^a

6.76^a

6.73^a

6.74^a