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Table 4 The effect of seasonal dynamics (dry and wet seasons) on the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and total tannin content of Rosmarinus officinalis leaves harvested in four agro-ecological zones in Kenya

From: Evaluation of seasonal variation, effect of extraction solvent on phytochemicals and antioxidant activity on Rosmarinus officinalis grown in different agro-ecological zones of Kiambu County, Kenya

Phytochemical compound

Agro-ecological zones

Dry season

Wet season

p-value

Total phenolic content (mg/g GAE)

Lari

18.11 ± 1.22

11.71 ± 1.12

0.001

Kiambaa

49.92 ± 2.21

71.85 ± 7.87

0.010

Juja

15.30 ± 1.15

37.73 ± 1.93

0.038

Thika

67.45 ± 0.01

45.59 ± 2.00

0.0001

Mean

37.70 ± 11.19

41.72 ± 3.63

0.528

Total flavonoid content (mg/g RUTE)

Lari

38.42 ± 3.66

45.89 ± 4.4

0.049

Kiambaa

28.54 ± 4.03

37.00 ± 3.0

0.016

Juja

11.07 ± 2.80

48.31 ± 2.04

0.001

Thika

35.27 ± 1.08

33.12 ± 3.17

0.363

Mean

28.325 ± 2.89

41.78 ± 2.89

0.002

Total tannin content (mg/g TAE)

Lari

34.61 ± 2.55

20.76 ± 1.22

0.002

Kiambaa

12.50 ± 3.03

4.96 ± 0.95

0.006

Juja

21.77 ± 11.52

16.60 ± 0.76

0.610

Thika

6.98 ± 1.09

3.96 ± 0.89

0.036

Mean

18.88 ± 4.55

11.57 ± 1.01

0.087

  1. Results are means from the ethanolic extraction method. Values are expressed as mean ± Standard Deviation
  2. TPC total phenolic content, TFC total flavonoids content, TTC total tannins content, GAE gallic acid equivalent, RUTE rutin equivalent, TAE tannic acid equivalent