Fig. 3
From: Nitrogen bound to manure fiber is increased by applications of simple phenolic acids
Manure ADF-N (%) for cows fed oat-hay mixed ration for Experiment 2. Bars show LSMEANS (n = 10), and error bars indicate the standard error calculated by the model. Abbreviations indicate water (H2O), sodium benzoate (B0), sodium 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (B1), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (B2), 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid monohydrate (B3, gallic acid),  caffeic acid (CAF), p-coumaric acid (p-COUM), ferulic acid (FER), +(−) catechin (CAT), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Significant differences between treatments are denoted by letters. Significant differences from untreated manure (Dunnett’s P ≤ 0.05) are denoted with an asterisk