Table 1 Summary of the explanatory variables used in double hurdle model
Variables | Measurement | Expected sign |
|---|---|---|
Dependent variable | ||
 Crop Diversification Indices | Index |  |
Explanatory variables | ||
 Gender | Sex of household head (Male = 1, female = 0) | + |
 Age of household head | Age of household head (years) | −+ |
 Family size | Persons in the household (number) | + |
 Labor availability | Access to labor for farming (yes = 1, No = 0) | + |
 Education level of household | In year of schooling | + |
 Farm experiences | Number of year engaged in farming activities | + |
 Extension visit | Frequency of extension contact (frequency) | + |
 Membership to cooperatives | Membership to farmers’ cooperative (Yes = 1, No = 0) | −+ |
 Total livestock unit/TLU | Size of Livestock owned (TLU) | −+ |
 Farm land size | Land operated for farming by the household (ha) | + |
 Plot fertility | Plot fertility (Yes = 1, No = 0) | −+ |
 Number of plots | Number of plot operated for farming (number) | + |
 Distance to market | Distance from homestead to nearest market (km) | −+ |
 Distance to farmers training center | Distance from homestead to FTC (km) | −+ |
 Distance to farm | Distance from homestead to farm (km) | − |
 Income (annual income) | Total income (birr) | + |
 Number of oxen | Number of oxen used for farming (Number) | + |
 Participation on off/non-farm income | Participation on off/nonfarm activities (yes = 1, No = 0) | −/+ |
 Access to remittance | Access to remittance (Yes = 1, No = 0) | −+ |