Smallholder farmers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards biological control of papaya mealybug in Kenya

Table 5 Factors influencing farmers willingness to support biological control (post-hoc pairwise comparison)

Variable	Base	Comparing factor	Coefficient	Standard error	t- value
County	Kilifi	Kwale	0.594	0.399	1.487
		Machakos	0.737	0.429	1.718
		Mombasa	− 0.732**	0.347	− 2.111
Gender	Female	Male	0.859**	0.286	3.001
Health risk to others	High Risk	Low Risk	0.737*	0.333	2.215
Health risk to others	High Risk	Medium Risk	0.026	0.335	0.078
Heard of biological control	No	Yes	0.563*	0.285	1.974
Perceptions of biological control	Neutral	Safe	0.931	0.363	2.568
Perceptions of biological control	Neutral	Risky	− 1.135**	0.633	− 1.795
Belonging to a group	No	Yes	0.651*	0.309	2.109
Received IPM training	No	Yes	1.727*	0.477	3.621

Coefficients from the reduced ordinal logistic regression model (post-hoc analysis using Tukey–Kramer adjusted pairwise comparisons)
Significance *** 0.001, ** 0.01, * 0.05

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