Table 1 Studies with aflatoxin positive cases in South Asian Countries
S. no | Area | Country | Commodity | Aflatoxin Type | % Positive samples | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 20 states | India | Rice | AFB1 | 2% | Reddy et al. 2009 |
2 | Haryana | India | Milk | AFM1 | 21% | Sharma et al. 2020 |
3 | Lucknow | India | Infantile milk products and liquid milk | AFM1 | 99% | Rastogi et al. 2004 |
4 | 11 states | India | Maize | AFB1 | 26% | Bhat et al. 1997 |
5 | Various regions | India | Wheat grain | AFB1 | 16% | Toteja et al. 2006 |
6 | Punjab | India | Stored and damaged rice | AFB1 | 85.7% | Siruguri et al. 2012 |
7 | Lahore and Multan | Pakistan | Processed milk and tea whiteners | AFM1 | 56% | Ahmad et al. 2019 |
Milk samples | 66% | |||||
8 | Punjab | Pakistan | Sweets (mithai) | AFM1 | 97% | Sadia et al. 2012 |
9 | Karachi | Pakistan | Chili | AFB1 | 66% | Shamsuddin et al. 1995 |
10 | Lahore and Faisalabad | Pakistan | Processed food | AFB1, AFB2 | 38% | Mushtaq et al. 2012 |
11 | Punjab | Pakistan | Raw peanut with shell | All | 59% | |
Raw peanut without shell | 55% | |||||
Roasted peanut without shell | 68% | |||||
Peanut butter | 50% | |||||
Peanut cookies | 42% | |||||
Peanut nimko | 20% | |||||
12 | Punjab | Pakistan | Paddy rice | All | 64%, | Iqbal et al. 2012 |
Parboiled | 38% | |||||
Brown | 33% | |||||
White | 42% | |||||
Broken | 50% | |||||
13 | Punjab | Pakistan | Chilies | AFG2 and AFB2 | 33% | Iqbal et al. 2011 |
14 | Dinajpur | Bangladesh | Fresh maize | AFB1 and AFB2 | 28% | Rafik 2020 |
Stored maize | 10% | |||||
15 | Dhaka | Bangladesh | Raw, UHT and pasteurized milk | AFM1 | 25% | Sumon et al. 2021 |
16 | Dhaka, Rajshahi, Chittagong, Sylhet, Khulna and Barisa | Bangladesh | Maize | All | 37% | Bhuyian et al. 2013 |
17 | Kathmandu valley | Nepal | Maize | AFB1 | 42.5% | Pokhrel et al. 2005 |
18 | Various regions | Nepal | Maize and maize products | AFB1 | 20% | Koirala et al. 2005 |
19 | Selected clusters | Nepal | Maize | AFB1 | 15.7% | Rai et al. 2013 |
20 | Seven provinces | Sri Lanka | Milk | AFM1 | 9.2% | Pathirana 2010 |
21 | Various regions | Sri Lanka | Dry chili | AFB1 | 67% | Yogendrarajah et al. 2014 |