Table 1 Descriptive statistics for study variables

Age

Age of household head (years)

44.73

46.60**

(11.96)

(11.87)

Gender

Household head is male (1/0)

0.89

0.89

(0.31)

(0.31)

Education

Household head secondary education or more (1/0)

0.28

0.25

(0.45)

(0.43)

Household size

Number of household members

10.12

8.41**

(7.55)

(4.51)

Accessed credit

Household accessed credit in the past year (1/0)

0.30

0.22**

(0.46)

(0.42)

Subsidized inputs

Household received free or subsidized inputs (1/0)

0.35

0.69***

(0.48)

(0.46)

Wealth index

Household asset index based on principal component analysis

0.07

0.14

(1.43)

(1.43)

Distance to agro-dealer

Distance from household to the nearest agro-dealer (km)

6.74

3.57***

(8.97)

(4.84)

Distance to extension

Distance from household to the nearest extension office (km)

8.25

5.02***

(9.28)

(7.37)

FAW information

Household received information on fall armyworm (1/0)

0.79

0.68***

(0.41)

(0.47)

Maize area

Total area under maize (hectares)

2.71

2.71

(5.02)

(3.64)

No. of plots

Total number of maize plots cultivated by household

1.18

1.16

(0.45)

(0.50)

Seed cost

Expenses on maize seed (GHC/ha)

28.15

30.50

(80.50)

(63.07)

Fertilizer cost

Expenses on mineral fertilizer (GHC/ha)

51.30

329.10***

(103.09)

(282.95)

Pesticide cost

Expenses on pesticides (GHC/ha)

106.41

24.68***

(81.69)

(39.40)

Hired labour cost

Expenses on hired labour (GHC/ha)

273.78

250.19

(299.12)

(355.01)

Maize yield

Quantity of maize harvested (kg/ha)

1744.27

1846.84

(1865.28)

(1266.62)

Maize income

Gross maize income less production costs (GHC/ha)

1348.23

1506.29

(1992.23)

(1520.23)

Observations

Number of observations

370

370