Does cadmium cause cascading effects on the development and reproduction of the striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker)?

Table 1 Development parameters of Chilo suppressalis fed with the artificial diets containing different concentrations of Cd²⁺

Cd concentration added in artificial diet (mg/kg)	Larval duration (d)	Pupation rate (%)	Emergence rate (%)	Female pupa ratio
0 (control)	40.0 ± 1.3	68.00 ± 1.02	74.56 ± 1.89	0.31 ± 0.02
0.2	40.0 ± 1.4	74.67 ± 1.10	74.92 ± 2.37	0.37 ± 0.02
1.0	40.6 ± 0.1	71.33 ± 1.05	80.55 ± 4.46*	0.50 ± 0.01*
2.5	42.9 ± 1.3	68.00 ± 2.26	62.47 ± 2.83*	0.41 ± 0.01*
5.0	42.8 ± 1.3	62.67 ± 1.22	80.63 ± 3.81*	0.56 ± 0.02*
10.0	42.3 ± 1.4	54.67 ± 1.34	75.70 ± 4.46	0.50 ± 0.02*

Values are given as means +/− SE
*Indicates significant difference between control and treatment (t-test, P < 0.05)

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