Does cadmium cause cascading effects on the development and reproduction of the striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker)?

Table 2 Pupa and adult deformity rate of Chilo suppressalis fed with the artificial diets containing different concentrations of Cd²⁺

Cd concentration added in artificial diet (mg/kg)	Pupa deformity rate (%)	Adult deformity rate (%)
0 (control)	1.04 ± 0.85	5.34 ± 1.22
0.2	3.59 ± 0.75	5.90 ± 0.87
1.0	0.81 ± 0.66	7.03 ± 0.34
2.5	3.94 ± 0.80	16.17 ± 2.53*
5.0	5.42 ± 1.02	13.64 ± 2.22*
10.0	2.59 ± 1.10	4.94 ± 0.41

Values are given as means +/− SE
*Means the significant difference between control and treatment (t-test, P < 0.05). – means that female can’t oviposit under such Cd stress

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