Fig. 3

TSSM populations on strawberry leaves with different treatments in field experiment. The chemical treated group was sprayed with 3 L cyetpyrafen solution at concentration of 60 mg/L; the biological treated group was released with P. persimilis with a predator–prey ratio of 1:15; the integrated treated group was sprayed with 3 L cyetpyrafen solution at concentration of 0.83 mg/L, and P. persimilis was released 24 h later with a predator–prey ratio of 1:30; the control group was sprayed with distilled water