Table 1 Acute toxicity (1-h LC₅₀) and risk analysis of seven pest control products on parasitoid adults under laboratory conditions (26 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 5% RH., and L14: D10 of photoperiod)

T. mwanzai

Chlorantraniliprole

− 4.944 + 2.264x

0.979

246.77

0.235

Lufenuron

0.759 + 1.288x

0.863

19.70 (7.87-7105.93)

9.591

Emamectin benzoate

− 1.253 + 4.154x

0.935

0.32 (0.29–0.35)

7.588

Spinetoram

− 5.066 + 2.702x

0.988

0.75 (0.60–1.22)

8.886

Chl. + Luf. (3:1)

− 2.608 + 3.223x

0.9923

2.29 (1.87–3.50)

0.586

MabrNPV

–

–

–

–

Bt

–

–

–

–

T. lutea

Chlorantraniliprole

− 0.557 + 0.981x

0.998

4610

0.006

Lufenuron

0.512 + 0.971x

0.985

421

0.204

Emamectin benzoate

0.487 + 3.071x

0.896

0.29 (0.08–0.44)

71.086

Spinetoram

− 3.438 + 4.138x

0.7816

1.09 (0.70–3.77)

3.857

Chl. + Luf. (3:1)

− 3.352 + 3.488x

0.985

2.48 (1.97–4.04)

0.963

MabrNPV

–

–

–

–

Bt

–

–

–

–

T.dendrolim

Chlorantraniliprole

3.197 + 0.218x

0.988

1.93 × 10⁶

0.021

Lufenuron

2.349 + 0.427x

0.977

1.60 × 10⁴ (162 − 3.23 × 10¹⁰⁰)

0.158

Emamectin benzoate

3.276 + 1.681x

0.900

0.11 (0.007–0.21)

18.208

Spinetoram

1.144 + 2.323x

0.920

0.46 (0.35–0.61)

22.142

Chl. + Luf. (3:1)

− 9.011 + 6.052x

0.976

2.07 (1.77–2.77)

4.259

MabrNPV

–

–

–

–

Bt

–

–

–

–

T. chilonis

Chlorantraniliprole

2.835 + 0.402x

0.960

2460

0.289

Lufenuron

− 1.325 + 2.126x

0.998

9.45

0.195

Emamectin benzoate

1.329 + 2.626x

0.917

0.25 (0.12–0.35)

23.710

Spinetoram

2.207 + 1.325x

0.939

1.27 (0.60–295)

14.876

Chl. + Luf. (3:1)

− 1.769 + 2.291x

0.905

9.02

0.346

MabrNPV

–

–

–

–

Bt

–

–

–

–

T. remus

Chlorantraniliprole

− 0.54 + 0.872x

0.879

2.25 × 10⁴

0.049

Lufenuron

0.312 + 0.920x

0.990

1250

0.019

Emamectin benzoate

1.999 + 2.590x

0.952

0.14 (0.10–0.18)

7.224

Spinetoram

2.170 + 0.992x

0.944

7.11 (2.12–443)

3.140

Chl. + Luf. (3:1)

− 3.381 + 2.916x

0.996

7.48

0.008

MabrNPV

–

–

–

–

Bt

–

–

–

–