Table 2 Percent emergence (mean ± SE) of parasitoids after exposure to seven pest control products at field-recommended concentrations during the egg, larvae, and pupae stages

94.3 ± 3.2a A

84.6 ± 4.1bc B

90.8 ± 3.8a AB

70.4 ± 5.6bc B

68.9 ± 4.8d B

94.6 ± 1.6a A

54.7 ± 6.9d B

66.6 ± 2.1d AB

73.9 ± 4.3b A

53.8 ± 7.2d A

52.6 ± 4.4e A

51.7 ± 3.3c A

65.9 ± 3.5c B

82.4 ± 3.3bc A

94.7 ± 3.7a A

77.0 ± 6.1b A

76.0 ± 3.4 cd A

32.4 ± 1.3d B

84.3 ± 2.9b A

76.0 ± 3.0 cd B

76.6 ± 1.5b B

97.3 ± 1.8a A

93.4 ± 3.3a A

96.6 ± 2.2a A

99.6 ± 0.4a A

88.2 ± 9.7abc AB

93.2 ± 3.4ab B

79.1 ± 5.3c B

80.3 ± 4.3c B

95.5 ± 2.3ab A

53.0 ± 2.4e B

89.6 ± 5.7bc A

83.9 ± 5.3c A

65.4 ± 6.7d B

77.6 ± 2.9c A

95.1 ± 4.9ab A

92.4 ± 2.2b A

91.7 ± 2.9b A

88.9 ± 4.4bc A

96.8 ± 2.4ab A

97.9 ± 1.1ab A

89.7 ± 6.9bc A

97.3 ± 1.8ab A

95.6 ± 3.4b A

98.2 ± 1.1a A

98.9 ± 0.7a A

98.6 ± 0.9a A

99.3 ± 0.7a A

97.6 ± 1.4a A

98.4 ± 0.6ab A

94.8 ± 3.4b A

78.5 ± 5.2b B

62.3 ± 7.7d B

93.9 ± 2.6b A

57.0 ± 4.3c B

92.7 ± 1.6c A

92.7 ± 1.5b A

42.8 ± 5.6d B

70.0 ± 2.9d A

72.5 ± 6.7c A

79.6 ± 4.0b B

97.5 ± 0.5b A

99.8 ± 0.2a A

98.7 ± 1.1a A

95.1 ± 1.1b B

98.4 ± 1.6ab A

98.2 ± 0.6a A

92.3 ± 2.3c B

95.2 ± 1.3b B

99.5 ± 0.3a A

99.6 ± 0.4a A

98.7 ± 0.5a A

95.4 ± 2.3b A

100.0 ± 0.0a A

96.3 ± 2.1b A

81.8 ± 5.1c B

88.2 ± 2.4c AB

95.3 ± 2.1b A

87.2 ± 1.9c B

97.7 ± 1.5b A

95.8 ± 2.1b A

64.7 ± 5.1d B

76.1 ± 2.1d AB

84.4 ± 4.4c A

84.9 ± 5.9c B

97.0 ± 2.2b A

100.0 ± 0.0a A

97.9 ± 1.3b A

97.6 ± 1.0b A

74.7 ± 5.4d B

100.0 ± 0.0a A

91.3 ± 4.2c B

99.3 ± 0.7a A

100.0 ± 0.0a A

100.0 ± 0.0a A

98.4 ± 1.6ab A

99.6 ± 0.2a A

96.5 ± 0.8b B

97.3 ± 0.5a B

96.2 ± 1.1c A

97.6 ± 0.8a A

97.8 ± 0.8a A

96.9 ± 0.4c A

96.2 ± 1.1b A

96.4 ± 3.4a A

97.5 ± 0.6c A

96.4 ± 0.9b A

96.0 ± 2.3a A

98.8 ± 0.5ab A

97.2 ± 1.2ab A

97.4 ± 1.2a A

97.1 ± 0.6c A

97.5 ± 0.5b A

97.8 ± 0.6a A

97.7 ± 0.9bc A

97.1 ± 0.7b A

97.7 ± 0.8a A

99.3 ± 0.4a A

98.9 ± 0.7a A

98.0 ± 0.6a A