Table 1 Gender roles in Teff production by district

Tahtai Maichew

• Land preparation including the application of fertilizers and chemicals

• Ploughing,

• Sowing,

• Weeding,

• Harvesting, and

• Threshing

• Prepare the Teff seeds for planting

• Clearing and uprooting the remains of the previous crop

• Highly engaged in breaking the bars of soil into finer pieces and removing stones to make the land suitable for the seed to grow

• Weeding of Teff crop, and

• Food preparation

Minjar Shenkora district

• Ploughing: tiles the land over and over up to four to five times to make the land very fine

• Harvesting

• Threshing (separating the hay from the grain)

• Weeding in the field

• At the time of harvest, the women prepare food at home and take it to the men who are harvesting in the field. The women also brew Tella

• Work on milling the Teff crop and engage in the whole process of baking Injera to feed the family

Lomie

• The main agricultural activities are done by men. These include ploughing the land, sowing, and partially participating in weeding, harvesting and threshing

• Women clean the Teff seed before sowing

• Highly involved in the weeding activities

• Preparing the land for threshing and participating in transporting and threshing the product

• Store the Teff crop at home, get the product milled by taking the product to milling plants and then bake it into Injera by mixing it with other crops

Halaba zone

• Men do all the fieldwork activities including land preparation, weeding, harvesting, threshing, and transporting the product to home

• Women mainly do the food preparation and participate in weeding activities but also participate in land preparation and collection of the harvested crops