Table 2 Two-sample t-test with equal variances: Male vs. Female, (N = 332)

Age (X₁)

Age of household head (in years)

Family size (X₂)

Family size in the household including adults and children (in number)

Active labour force (X₃)

Economically active labour force (18–65 years) (in number)

Dependents (X₄)

Dependents per household (children less than 18 years & old persons above 65 years)

Education (X₅)

Years of formal schooling of the household head (in years)

Quantity of oxen ownership (X₇)

Number of oxen owned by a household (in number)

Cost of inputs (X₈)

Amount of investment for the purchase of inputs for Teff production per hectare (in Birr)

Cost of labour (X₉)

Amount of investment for hiring labour for Teff production per ha (in Birr)

Extension (X₁₀)

Frequency of contact of the household by extension workers per year

Farmer training days (X₁₁)

Number of training days a household participated in training offered by extension agent

Teff loan (X₁₂)

Borrowed amount of money allocated for Teff production

Total available land for cultivation in ha (X₁₃)

Total available area of land per household in ha (it is the summation of land owned, rented land, sharecropped land, and inherited land)

Owned land in ha (X₁₄)

Owned land in ha by the household

Teff cultivated land in ha (X₁₅)

Area of land allocated for Teff production in ha

Teff production in kg per hectare (Y)

Teff output per hectare (kg/ha)