Table 2 Descriptive statistics results and expected signs of independent variables
From: Impact of cluster farming on smallholder farmers teff commercialization in Ethiopia
Variables and their definitions | Total sample (N = 290) | Cluster farming participation | Expected sign | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Participant (N = 180) | Non-participant (N = 110) | Cluster farming participation | Commercialization level | ||
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||
Sex of respondents (1 if male, 0 otherwise) | 0.97 (0.17) | 0.97 (0.18) | 0.97 (0.16) |  +  |  +  |
Educational status (1 if literate, 0 otherwise) | 0.63 (0.48) | 0.72 (0.45) | 0.47 (0.50) |  +  |  +  |
Age (Years) | 43.96 (10.83) | 42.46 (10.48) | 46.40 (11.00) | − | − |
Household size (Number) | 6.53 (2.39) | 6.30 (2.46) | 6.92 (2.23) |  +  |  +  |
Landholding (Hectare) | 2.28 (1.54) | 2.55 (1.56) | 1.85 (1.40) |  +  |  +  |
On-farm income (Ethiopian Birr) | 49523.29 (44618.34) | 56807.95 (47987.64) | 37602.95 (35575.75) |  +  |  +  |
Off-farm income participation (1if yes, 0 otherwise) | 0.42 (0.50) | 0.43 (0.50) | 0.41 (0.49) |  +  |  +  |
Access to teff storage (1 if yes, 0 otherwise) | 0.68 (0.47) | 0.77 (0.42) | 0.54 (0.50) |  +  |  +  |
Neighbor participation in cluster farming (1if yes, 0 otherwise) | 0.19 (0.39) | 0.19 (0.40) | 0.17 (0.38) |  |  +  |
Membership in social group (1 if yes, 0 otherwise) | 0.41 (0.49) | 0.59 (0.49) | 0.81 (0.39) |  +  |  |
Amhara region (1if Amhara, 0 otherwise) | 0.20 (0.40) | 0.19 (0.40) | 0.20 (0.40) |  +  |  +  |
Oromia region (1if Oromia, 0 otherwise) | 0.50 (0.50) | 0.54 (0.50) | 0.43 (0.50) |  +  |  +  |
SNNP region (1if SNNP, 0 otherwise) | 0.18 (0.38) | 0.17 (0.38) | 0.19(0.39) |  +  |  +  |
Tigray region (1if Tigray, 0 otherwise) | 0.13 (0.33) | 0.09 (0.29) | 0.18 (0.39) | Base | Base |
Cluster farming participation (1 if participant, 0 otherwise) | 0.62 (0.49) |  |  |  |  +  |